The use of a combination of mass spectrometers and an accelerator to measure the natural abundances of very rare radioactive isotopes. These abundances are frequently lower than parts per trillion. The most important applications of accelerator mass spectrometry are in archeological and geophysical studies, as, for example, in radiocarbon dating by the counting of the
Blood group antibodies (A, B, AB, O) that can destroy red blood cells bearing the antigen to which they are directed; also called “agglutinins.” These red-cell antigens are the phenotypic expression of inherited genes, and the frequency of the four main groups varies in populations throughout the world. The antigens of the ABO system are
Introduction to Organic chemistry: Chapter 2 NOTES Acids and Bases A great many organic reactions are acid–base reactions. Many organic reactions are catalyzed by proton-donating acids, such as H3O+ and CH3OH2+. Others are catalyzed by Lewis acids, such as AlCl3 . 2.1 What Are Arrhenius Acids and Bases? According to Arrhenius definitions, an acid is