مصادر الكيمياء موقع لتعليم الكيمياء بصورة مبسطة

ABC model a model for specification of floral organs especially in Arabidopsis thaliana. It views the floral primordium as comprising four whorls whose developmental fate is determined by the concentric and combinatorial activity of three classes of gene, denoted A, B, and C, which encode transcription factors. Class A determines the fate of whorls 1 and 2 (sepals and petals, …

Abbe refractometer a refractometer in which the critical angle for total reflection at the interface of a film of liquid between two similar glass prisms is used in determining the refractive index of the liquid. [After Ernst Abbe (1840–1905), German physicist famous for his researches in optics.]

Aarskog–Scott syndrome or Aarskog syndrome or faciogenital dysplasia an extremely rare genetically heterogeneous developmental disorder in which individuals have widely spaced eyes, anteverted nostrils, a broad upper lip and a ‘saddlebag’ or ‘shawl scrotum’. The X-linked form has been ascribed to mutations in the FGD1 gene. [After Dagfinn Aarskog (1928– ), Norwegian paediatrician, and Charles I. Scott Jr (1934– ), …

abbreviation for ATPase associated with varied activities; any member of a family of conserved ATP-dependent proteases that mediate degradation of nonintegrated membrane proteins in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. They form large complexes composed of identical or homologous subunits. Each subunit contains two transmembrane segments, an ATP-binding omain, and a metal-dependent catalytic domain. Mitochondria contain a matrix-facing AAA protease (m-AAA protease) and …

ABCR abbreviation for ATP-binding cassette transporter retina; other name: rim protein. A protein found in the disc membrane of the outer segment of photoreceptor cells of the retina. It consists of 2273 amino acids, and is presumed to function in the transport of retinoids. Mutations in the ABCR gene, at 1p21-p23, are associated with Stargardt and age-related macular dystrophies.

A23187 or calcimycin a toxic and weakly antibiotic substance isolated from cultures of Streptomyces chartreusensis. It is a lipophilic 523 Da monocarboxylic acid of complex structure, two molecules of which form stable lipid-soluble complexes at pH 7.4 with one atom of certain divalent metal cations, especially Mn2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+; monovalent cations are bound only weakly. It also forms lipid-soluble …

ملخص الفصل الرابع عشر :الحموض و القواعد من كتاب الكيمياء للعالم زومدال Chapter 14 notes:Acids and Bases, Chemistry Zumdahl إذا كنت تبحث عن باقي الفصول فالرجاء الضغط على الروابط الآتية : الفصل الأول : ملخص الفصل الأول :أساسيات الكيمياء للعالم زومدال Chapter 1 chemistry foundation Notes Zumdahl AP الفصل الثاني  :ملخص الفصل الثاني :الذرات و الجزيئات و الأيونات من كتاب الكيمياء …

ملخص الفصل الثالث عشر :الاتزان الكيميائي من كتاب الكيمياء للعالم زومدال Chapter 13 notes: Chemical Equilibrium, Chemistry Zumdahl إذا كنت تبحث عن باقي الفصول فالرجاء الضغط على الروابط الآتية : الفصل الأول : ملخص الفصل الأول :أساسيات الكيمياء للعالم زومدال Chapter 1 chemistry foundation Notes Zumdahl AP الفصل الثاني  :ملخص الفصل الثاني :الذرات و الجزيئات و الأيونات من كتاب الكيمياء للعالم …

ملخص الفصل الثاني عشر :الحركيات الكيميائية من كتاب الكيمياء للعالم زومدال Chapter 12 notes: Chemical kinetics , Chemistry Zumdahl إذا كنت تبحث عن باقي الفصول فالرجاء الضغط على الروابط الآتية : الفصل الأول : ملخص الفصل الأول :أساسيات الكيمياء للعالم زومدال Chapter 1 chemistry foundation Notes Zumdahl AP الفصل الثاني  :ملخص الفصل الثاني :الذرات و الجزيئات و الأيونات من كتاب الكيمياء …

The scientific method:  To understand a given phenomenon. Steps in scientific method 1- Making observation Qualitative : no numbers Example: The sky is blue and water is liquid Quantitative (called measurement): number+ unit Example: Water boils at 100 °C 2- Formulating hypothesis Hypothesis is a possible explanation for an observation 3- Performing experiments to test hypothesis: To gather new information …