مصادر الكيمياء موقع لتعليم الكيمياء بصورة مبسطة

معدن بابيت Babbit metal  :  أي سبيكة تنتمي إلى مجموعة من السبائك التي تستخدم لصناعة القضبان. يتكون هذا المعدن من الأنتيمون بنسبة 10% و النحاس بنسبة 1-2 % و في أحوال كثيرة يضاف إليه الرصاص. في الأصل تم اختراع هذا المعدن من قبل المخترع الأمريكي اسحاق بابيت في العام 1839 .

An enzyme that has two structurally distinct forms, one of which is active and the other inactive. In the active form, the quaternary structure of the enzyme is such that a substrate can interact with the enzyme at the active site. The conformation of the substrate-binding site becomes al­tered in the inactive form and inter­action with the substrate is not …

Compounds that contain the group >C=C=C<, in which three carbon atoms are linked by two adja­cent double bonds. The outer carbon atoms are each linked to two other atoms or groups by single bonds. The simplest example is 1,2-propadiene, CH2CCH2 . Allenes are dienes with typical reactions of alkenes. Under basic conditions. they often convert to alkynes. In an allene, …

A type of polyester resin used in paints and other sur­face coating. The original alkyd resins were made by copolymerizing phthalic anhydride with glycerol, to give a brittle cross-linked polymer. The properties of such resins can be modified by adding monobasic acids or alcohols during the polymeriza­tion.

A complex poly­saccharide occurring in the cell walls of the brown algae (Phaeophyta). Algin strongly absorbs water to form a viscous gel. It is produced commer­cially from a variety of species of Laminaria and from Macrocystis pyrifera in the form of alginates, which are used mainly as a stabilizer and tex­turing agent in the food industry.

Compounds formed by reaction between hydroxylamine and an aldehyde RCOH + H2NOH → RCH:NOH + H2O  If R is an aliphatic group, the al­doxime is generally a liquid or low ­melting solid. If R is aromatic, the aldoxime is a crystalline solid. Al­doximes have a planar structure and can exist in two isomeric forms. In the syn-form, the OH group …

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that controls excretion of sodium by the kidneys and thereby maintains the balance of salt and water in the body fluids.

affinity chromatography A bio­chemical technique for purifying nat­ural polymers, especially proteins. It functions by attaching a specific lig­and by covalent bonding to an insolu­ble inert support. The ligand has to have a specific affinity for the poly­mer, so that when a solution contain­ing the ligand is passed down a column of the material it is specifi­cally retarded and thus separated …

A low-density porous trans­parent material that consists of more than 90% air. Usually based on metal oxides or silica, aerogels are used as drying agents and insulators.

adsorption isotherm An equation that describes how the amount of a substance adsorbed onto a surface de­pends on its pressure (if a gas) or its concentration (if in a solution), at a constant temperature. Several ad­sorption isotherms are used in sur­face chemistry including the BET isotherm and the Langmuir ad­sorption isotherm. The different isotherms correspond to different as­sumptions about the …