Azeotropic mixture A solution of two or more liquids, the composition of which does not change upon distillation. The composition of the liquid phase at the boiling point is identical to that of the vapor in equilibrium with it, and such mixtures or azeotropes form constant-boiling solutions. The exact composition of the changes if the
Azeotropic distillation Any of several processes by which liquid mixtures containing azeotropes may be separated into their pure components with the aid of an additional substance (called the entrainer, the solvent, or the mass separating agent) to facilitate the distillation. Distillation is a separation technique that exploits the fact that when a liquid is partially
Avogadro’s law The principle that equal volumes of all gases and vapors, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, contain identical number of molecules; also known as Avogadro’s hypothesis. From Avogadro’s law the converse follows that equal numbers of molecules of any gases under identical conditions occupy equal volumes. Therefore, under identical physical conditions