Internal energy: The energy stored in a fixed amount of a substance (atom or molecule) is known as its internal energy. It is denoted by the sign E. Change in internal energy: It is the difference in the internal energies of the product and the reactant species taking part in a chemical reaction at constant
Hydrogen bond: It is a bond formed between a hydrogen atom attached to a highly electrovalent atom (F,O,N) and another highly electronegative atom of the same or different molecule and having a lone pair of electrons. Condition for hydrogen bonding : (i) The electronegative atom attached to the hydrogen should be small. (ii) The electronegativity
Difference between σ and π bonds σ bond π bond (i) The orbitals overlap along their axes. (ii) The overlap is quite appreciable and the bond formed is a strong bond. (iii) s-orbitals can participate in the bond formation. (iv) In case of p-orbitals, the participating lobe is stretched and the size of the other